Time to panic again! Or, on second thought ...
So I was too busy smashing potatoes (with shallots, butter and cream), falling asleep in front of the TV with the Giants-Broncos game on, and other such important matters Thursday to pay attention to the global market freakout occasioned by Dubai World's announcement that it was going to stop paying its debt bills for six months. (Dubai World is the investment arm of the Dubai government; if you want to catch up on the story, read FT Alphaville).
As of this morning, things are already calming down a bit. Some Asian markets were down sharply overnight, and U.S. stock markets started the day 2% down. But European markets, which took the brunt of the hit yesterday, are up on the day. And while there's certainly been a bit of a rush to safety in debt markets today (with investors buying the likes of U.S. Treasuries and selling emerging market debt), it is so far not indiscriminate and of pretty modest proportions.
Anyway, I was about to write a list of the different spins one could put on the Dubai troubles, then I saw on my RSS reader that Krugman had beaten me to it. His taxonomy sounds about right, so:
First, there's the view that this is the beginning of many sovereign defaults, and that we're now seeing the end of the ability of governments to use deficit spending to fight the slump. That's the view being suggested, if I understand correctly, by the Roubini people and in a softer version by Gillian Tett.
Alternatively, you can see this as basically just another commercial real estate bust. Either you view Dubai World as nothing special, despite sovereign ownership, as Willem Buiter does; or you think of the emirate as a whole as, in effect, a highly leveraged CRE investor facing the same problems as many others in the same situation.
Finally, you can see Dubai as sui generis. And really, there has been nothing else quite like it.
Krugman thinks it's a combination of No. 2 and No. 3 (sorry, left that out when I first wrote the post). Obviously he's going to downplay interpretation No. 1, because he's been calling for more government borrowing and spending to fight unemployment in the U.S. But that doesn't mean he's wrong.
Meanwhile, we can all watch how world markets react to the Dubai news. A return to the indiscriminate panic of last fall would be really bad. A move toward a more skeptical attitude toward risky assets, in which investors feel compelled to do more work to sort out the dodgy from the relatively safe, would be a really healthy development. So far I think we're getting the second reaction.
I should add that another important side-effect of the whole Dubai mess is that it has allowed Felix Salmon to use the word Anstaltslast again.
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[...] Dubai World defaults. Volatility returns. (WSJ, Calculated Risk, Aleph Blog, Barron’s, The Reformed Broker, VIX and More, The Money Game, Felix Salmon, Curious Capitalist) [...]
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Pull out from Oil Market Assets. Consolidate all assets. Build another historical financial pole. Remove dependence from gasoline , petroleum, oil. The historical shift in energy consumption and habits go from oil to 100% electricity on the planet.
The sole and only result is 90% percent less war or at least important war assets in the middle-east. The less economic nerve, hostage , less human hostages. -
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[...] Dubai World defaults. Volatility returns. (WSJ, Calculated Risk, Aleph Blog, Barron’s, The Reformed Broker, VIX and More, The Money Game, Felix Salmon, Curious Capitalist) [...]
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Guess they should have held on that cash and invested in the global economy and hard assets instead of recycling those petrodollars into their rentier economy. Oh Walt Wriston knows a thing or two bout insolvent bankruptcies of countries. Except this alternate Walt know can and do go insolvent national assets can only cover so much in the “economy that's fake anyway” – Bill Hicks
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It is impossible for a sovereign nation to run out of its own currency -- unless that currency is tied to a limited-availability asset.
In the bad old days, that limited-availability asset was gold. Gold standards were based on the peculiar philosophy that the world's money supply should be limited to the amount of one metal that can be discovered and mined.
Today, the Dubai Dirham is pegged to the US Dollar, which limits their ability to create more Dirhams.
The leading nations cannot run out of their own money; they have the unlimited ability to create it. So we cannot see "the end of the ability of governments to use deficit spending to fight the slump."
Even wondering about this fundamental truth demonstrates how far from reality economists have strayed.
Rodger Malcolm Mitchell
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I am hoping you are right, healthy skepticism about things like Dubai world, but not panic.
Some of the guys on seeking Alpha were freaking out, and of course CNBC was acting like the weather channel in a storm. As I have said before, the weather channel loves all the attention they can get when their is a big storm, and CNBC loves all the attention they get during a financial crisis. The difference is that the weather channel cannot make the storm worse, but CNBC can create panic, and make a financial crisis worse.
It is only a crisis if the herd says it is a crisis, and stampedes.
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Here's a link by the St. Louis Fed on questioning if the US is insolvent.
http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/review/06/07/Kotlikoff.pdf
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The St. Louis Fed article is hilarious. The author, Laurence J. Kotlikoff, missed the forest because he became enamored with the "trees," in this case his mass of meaningless equations.
"Insolvent" means unable to pay debts as they come due. Because the U.S. government has the unlimited ability to create money, it never can run short of money to pay its debts. Even were the U.S. to end all taxation, and double its spending, it still would have no difficulty paying its debts.
Further, the U.S. could end all indebtedness, tomorrow. The government creates debts by borrowing. We borrow by creating unlimited amounts of T-securities out of thin air, then selling them. T-securities are backed only by full faith and credit.
The government, just as easily and prudently, could create money out of thin air, also backed by full faith and credit, and skip the T-security step, which is a relic of the gold standard days. Then writers like Mr. Kotlikoff would have nothing to fret about.
It truly is sad when bankers who should know better, equate personal, city, state and corporate debt with federal debt. Federal debt is an entirely different beast, having no relationship to other kinds of debt, except for the misleading word "debt."
But then again, he is a banker.
Rodger Malcolm Mitchell
http://rodgermmitchell.wordpress.com -
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By the way, here is the fundamental flaw in Kotlikoff's thinking. He said, ". . . the proper way to consider a country's solvency is to examine the lifetime fiscal burdens facing current and future generations. If these burdens exceed the resources of those generations, get close to doing so, or simply get so high as to preclude their full collection, the country's policy will be unsustainable and can constitute or lead to national bankruptcy."
Current and future generations do not pay for federal debt. In truth, the government does not need tax money, and taxes do not pay for any federal spending, much less deficit spending. But for simplicity, consider this example:
In 2009, taxes will be less than spending by about $1 trillion (depending on who's counting). How much tax money covers previous deficits? Answer: None. If taxes don't even cover this year's spending, how can they cover previous deficits?
We are the "future generations" of the massive Reagan deficits, and we never have paid for them, and never will. Taxes don't pay for federal debt.
Rodger Malcolm Mitchell
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I'm pretty sure he's talking about intergenerational transfers of both public and federal debt and unfunded liabilities.
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Walt, I'm sure you're correct. However, since taxes do not pay for deficits, future taxes do not pay for past deficits, so there is no intergenerational transfer.
Further, there are no federal "unfunded liabilities." All of the federal government's liabilities are fully funded by the government's unlimited ability to create money. By definition, an unfunded liability can't be paid, but the government has unlimited ability to pay.
That term often wrongly is used to describe Social Security. The government fully can fund Social Security without FICA. Tax dollars do not go into a Social Security fund; there is no Social Security fund.
If fact, tax dollars don't go into any fund. The federal government has no stash of money. It pays its bills by creating credits in bank accounts, ad hoc. The government could give you $1 trillion tomorrow, simply by crediting your bank account and debiting a balance sheet account.
There is no physical money. It's all electronic data. When you pay taxes, the government merely debits your account and credits a balance sheet. This makes you poorer, but does not enrich the government in any way.
Even many so-called experts don't understand the difference between private debt and federal debt (which rightly should be called "money created," not debt.)
Rodger Malcolm Mitchell
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Geez your constant rant of how money is created ex-nihilo for the government it finance itself is nothing new econ 101 if you ask me, but what of the greater threats from doing so say hyperinflation? And if anyone thinks there's a SS "trust fund" is sadly insane.
No slight intended but this is a reoccuring theme in a lot of your recent postings.
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here's link you may like it says a lot of what you say but has some points in it.
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I posted that link in haste here's a good one by the all "trusted" IMF.
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/staffp/2002/00-00/pdf/Frankel.pdf
And I'm out peace Rodger
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The notion that deficits cause inflation may be the single most important reason for deficit fear. Yet, it simply isn't true.
The relative value of money (aka "inflation") is based on supply and demand. Yes, if the supply goes up and the demand does not, the value will go down and we will have inflation.
But the government controls not only the supply, but the demand (through interest rate control). That is why, since we went off the gold standard in 1971, and despite massive deficits since then, there has been no relationship between deficits and inflation. See the graph at: http://rodgermmitchell.wordpress.com/2009/09/07/introduction/
Sorry about "ranting" on this subject, but I'll keep "ranting" as long as people continue "ranting" that deficits are harmful. No slight intended, but this seems to be a recurring theme in your postings.
Rodger Malcolm Mitchell
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When the global economy continues to be in the state of fragility and jittery, anything goes. A flap of butterfly wings from any corner could well trigger yet another onslaught of scary magnitude.
The Dubai panic did cause the stock markets to react negatively immediately, but that seems to calm down equally fast. Or is it?
Why not just keep living a simple life, with humility and frugality?
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