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New story: Are stocks still good for the long run?

I have a big story in the new TIME (with Steven Johnson's Tweet Heard Round the World on the cover) about what ever happened to stocks for the long run. A sample:

The notion goes back to 1922, when a bond brokerage in New York City hired Edgar Lawrence Smith to put together a pamphlet explaining why bonds--and certainly not stocks--were the best long-term investment. At the time, this was conventional wisdom on Wall Street. Bonds were for investment, stocks for speculation--and, in those pre-SEC days, for manipulation. But when he investigated the historical record, Smith recounted later, "supporting evidence for this thesis could not be found." Instead, he discovered that over every 20-year span he examined but one, stocks handily beat bonds.

In 1924, Smith published the results as a book called Common Stocks as Long Term Investments. It was a sensation. Smith--a businessman of no great distinction up to that point--launched a mutual-fund company on the strength of his sudden fame and got an invite from John Maynard Keynes to join the Royal Economic Society. His argument was that stocks would continue to beat bonds because they a) were less vulnerable to having their value eaten away by inflation and b) allowed investors to share in the growth of the U.S. economy in a way that bonds and other assets did not. These two tenets were the indispensable theoretical underpinning of the 1920s bull market.

After that boom came to a crashing end in 1929 and the market continued to implode in 1930, '31 and '32, this theoretical underpinning at first seemed to have been demolished. The idea that stocks could be good investments became a joke and remained that--in the popular view, at least--for decades. Yet whenever anyone in later years re-examined the data on stocks' long-run performance--major scholarly studies on the topic were published in 1938, '53, '64 and '76--they reached the same conclusion Smith did. Even with the dire experience of the early 1930s factored in, stocks had proved an excellent long-run investment, with returns that far outpaced those of bonds.

Finance scholars also bolted a third plank onto Smith's two reasons this was so and would continue to be: stocks were riskier than bonds, and stock investors were thus being paid a premium for taking on that additional risk. Read the whole story here.

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  • 1

    How is any of this new? Hasn't the traditional advice always been to invest in riskier stocks and emerging market funds when you're young then shift to safer bonds and T-Bills as you got older/closer to retirement?
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    That's been the common sense approach for, well, decades. I don't see these guys saying anything different, or even any new information/concepts in the article itself.

  • 2

    @Sean

    Wow that's not at all what I got out of this. Seems to me this story is all about the evolution of the "traditional advice" and speculation about where it's going.

  • 3

    @Sean ..: I think that's exactly right. And the choice of March 2009 as the endpoint of a forty year period to compare returns on stocks and bonds is deliberately designed to stress that stocks are riskier than bonds (as if we didn't know!)

  • 4

    Over the last decade or so the emerging viewpoint was that you couldn't save enough for retirement unless you kept a high ratio of stocks until you retired, or even after. I've had a Bank of America personal banker trying to get me to move all of my self-directed retirement money entirely in stocks for the past several years. Funny that I haven't heard from him in a year now.
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    I think that bit of questionable wisdom is coming to an end, and we are struggling to come up with the next bit of questionable wisdom. Without pensions (and I know of no one who has one of those), it seems like Americans will have to save more. By more, I mean a minimum of 10 percent of income, over 40 years.
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    (Aside: The other bit of questionable wisdom was that you could rely on the rapidly increasing value of your home - and other real estate investments - to pay for your retirement. That one has also been debunked. What is the lesson? Probably that retirement as a concept is dead. Justin, that may be worthwhile exploring at some point too.)

  • 5

    There is a first time for everything: for a few hundred years we had the environment of permanently expanding investor base, it is all going into reverse now, so past performance may be completely irrelevant for tomorrow's results, indeed.
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    BTW, it does not mean that bond will do better.

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