What did Citi learn from its early-1990s near-death experience? Not enough, apparently
From the prologue to Phillip L. Zweig's Wriston: Walter Wriston, Citibank, and the Rise and Fall of American Financial Supremacy (1995):
To bring Citicorp back from the brink in the face of endless criticism, John Reed drew on the capacity for pain he had tapped into as chief of the once-troubled consumer business. As the board mulled over the possibility of replacing him, Reed hacked away at the bank's troubled loan portfolio, its overweight bureaucracy, and the ruthless corporate culture he had helped create. By 1993 Citicorp was on the mend, and Reed had begun to regain the confidence of Wall Street and the man who had appointed him.
Citicorp had essentially lost a decade. But along the way, Reed and his institution had also lost much of their hubris. Because of that, there was finally reason to believe that their near-fatal mistakes would not soon be repeated.
Hmmm. Guess it depends on your definition of soon.
Zweig's book, which I've been reading bits of for my column this week, is seriously good. It's also seriously long: 886 pages, not counting the end notes, bibliography and index. So my reading will probably remain restricted to bits. But what bits they are! Did you know, for example, that Wriston owed his early success at Citi to:
1) lending lots of money to Aristotle Onassis to buy oil tankers
2) lending lots of money to Malcom [not a typo, a late-in-life change in name spelling] McLean to invent container shipping
3) lending lots of money to airlines to buy Boeing jets
Then he went on to shake up Citi's international division. The man was basically globalization's banker.
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1
@ Curious Capitalist:
I apologize if I haven't been keeping completely current with the debate, but why doesn't the federal government give up on the banks, and start lending to people directly?
The banks would fail (which they will without insane amounts of money anyway) and the people in bad mortgages take a knock (but not too bad since when they get foreclosed on, they are no longer liable for the house). The greedy, thoughtless people who got us into this mess go broke. People who took mortgages they shouldn't have lose their houses (and credit scores). Those folks will just have to rent for a while (which they probably should have been doing in the first place).
The government hires some of the non-wizard type loan agents of all ranks, and starts up its own lending service which is eventually privatized, as things stabilize.
The credit market is unfrozen and we can tell the banks to go stick, which I thought is what we are going for.
As I have zero finance/business background, I must be missing something obvious or else someone smarter than I would have already proposed this.
But, without that training, I can't for the life of me work out what that is.
Can you save me $30-$50k on a finance degree and tell me?
(if you have a spare moment).Thanks,
Brian the Engineer -
2
zaphod --
the government doesn't have to loan money directly, the key is to insure the loans through agencies like the FHA and SBA. (If the government is co-signing your loan, who isn't going to give you money?)
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Those folks will just have to rent for a while (which they probably should have been doing in the first place).
I disagree with this. The problems wasn't home ownership, it was that people bought more expensive homes than they could afford, assuming that the 'worst case scenario' (i.e. unable to pay the mortgage) was selling the home at a profit. These people weren't evil (or most of them weren't), they were doing what all the "experts" were telling them to do. -
3
@plukasiak:
OK, so the government guarantees the loans instead. If that frees up the credit market, why don't we just let the big banks fall?I agree with your statement that the people who took out the loans are not evil and, for the most part, just took the bad financial advice they received at face value. I apologize if my original statement was not clear and led you to the conclusion that I felt the people who took out the loans were the problem. I don't think that these people should be ruined financially, and I don't think that they will if their house is foreclosed on. Yes, it will stink in the short term, but I guess I see that as inevitable (for all but the 5-10% who can actually afford the house they currently have, but just need to refi into a loan that isn't variable interest).
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4
OK, so the government guarantees the loans instead. If that frees up the credit market, why don't we just let the big banks fall?
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I don't know, but I'd like to suggest one possibile factir --there is a limit to the capacity of the government to administer these large, failed institutions, and the people who have to run the things are already tied up with IndyMac, WaMu, etc. (not to mention Fannie & Freddie, AIG, Lehmann etc.)
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What bothers me most about the delay is that when the Fed does finally take over, all that will be left is a shell of the corporation, and its debts. Most of these banks/financial institutions have dozens of "subsidiaries") in tax havens -- for instance, Citigroup has 90 "subsidiaries" in the Cayman Islands alone (http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d09157.pdf page 25) -- and if I had my money invested in one of these "subsidiaries", I'd get it out pronto.
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