Commentary on the economy, the markets, and business

Remember when they said not to worry about the low saving rate?

Graphic by Feilding Cage/TIME.com

Graphic by Feilding Cage/TIME.com

Three years ago, when the personal saving rate (that is, disposable personal income minus personal outlays, usually expressed as a percentage of disposable personal income) briefly dipped below zero, it was easy to find economists willing to downplay the significance. David Malpass, then of Bear Stearns, was probably the most prominent low-saving-denialist. As he wrote in the WSJ in 2005:

Not only are we not running out of household savings, it is growing fast both in terms of the annual additions and the cumulative buildup of American-owned savings. Household net worth, one good measure of savings, reached $48.5 trillion in 2004. Time deposits and savings accounts alone total a staggering $4.3 trillion, versus slow-growing credit-card debt of $800 billion. True, the U.S. is the world's biggest debtor, but it is building assets faster than debt.

It wasn't just Malpass, though. New York Fed economist Charles Steindel said pretty much the same thing just last year:

Despite the decrease in reported levels of personal saving, aggregate household wealth has exhibited a strong uptrend since the end of 2002. Moreover, statistical evidence presented here suggests that past periods of low personal saving rates have not been followed by a retrenchment in spending or slower growth in living standards.

The argument was basically that, because it only looked at income and not asset values or capital gains, the standard measure of the saving rate vastly understated actual saving. Maybe so. But asset prices are volatile, far more volatile than incomes. When asset prices are in a bubble, any asset-based measure of saving is going to overstate actual saving by far more than an income-based measure understates it. As we're learning now: Stock prices are off 40% in the U.S. House prices are down 20%. The net worth of American households declined in the second quarter, according to the Fed. It's sure to decline a lot more.

What does this mean? I think it means that the saving rate, as measured the old-fashioned way by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, really does matter. The fact that it dipped so low in recent years should have been a major warning sign to the Fed and others that trouble might be in the offing--that American households might be dangerously exposed to financial-market stress.

The personal saving rate made a big rebound in the second quarter of this year, thanks to those government stimulus checks. It will probably drop back toward zero for a while, because it usually falls during recessions as people struggle to make ends meet. But after that I'd bet on a long rise. At least, I hope that's what happens.

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  • 1

    Off-topic but for your next market swing commentary you can say having received the expected 1/2 point cut from Ben, the ADHD market immediately said but hey now what are we going to pay attention to? Aww look at that lolcat. The market could not be distracted for further comment.

  • 2

    Is there an obvious relationship between tax cuts and the almost linear reduction in savings rates beginning in 1982?

  • 4

    the ADHD market immediately said but hey now what are we going to pay attention to?

    yesterday's big gain in the Dow was the "preaction" of the market to the anticipated rate cut. Since all that happened today was what was expected, the market didn't react much at all -- the arbitrageurs had already come close to re-establishing the risk/reward equalibriuum yesterday -- today was just about making minor adjustments.

    But this cut isn't going to accomplish anything at all (other than make it even harder to get out of the recession). Its horribly timed -- nobody is thinking "expansion" right now, and nobody is thinking "gee, if only the Fed rate was 1/2 a point lower, I'd loan money to that guy". Bernacke just lined the pockets of the arbitrageur -- but then again, that is all that Paulson has been doing for the last six weeks.

  • 5

    Thanks, Justin.

  • 6

    In 1994, in California, was when my house began to appreciate. If you look at the chart, people could have assumed that their house was savings enough, it was better to spend money fixing it up, and better to pay it down. That's what I did.

    A good question to ask is whether interest rates being low and stocks not paying dividends discourage saving and encourage spending, and whether tax breaks or something else might be needed if we think that this is important.

  • 7

    Paul,
    So, if the Fed were to have dropped interest rates by 3/4 point to .75% then it would have made no difference? What about market and investor psychology?

  • 8

    @Don: I thoroughly approve of tax incentives to save, but that's not the way our economy works. Even after all this, there is no institutional advocate for saving (also known as a large campaign contributor), and that's what you need to get Congress on board. Most tax forms refer to interest from savings as "unearned income." How's that for discouraging?

  • 9

    "Paul,
    So, if the Fed were to have dropped interest rates by 3/4 point to .75% then it would have made no difference? What about market and investor psychology?
    "

    bryan -- it would have made no difference in the economy, but it would have lead to higher stock prices. A half point cut was absorbed on Tuesday, the market would have required further adjustment if the cut had been greater or less than the expected .5% cut.

    Right now, the only form of stimulus that makes any sense is a "Christmas cash" card--give everyone a $200 debit card that expires on December 25th, and only allow it to be used for purchases of goods made in America.

  • 10

    " I thoroughly approve of tax incentives to save, but that's not the way our economy works. Even after all this, there is no institutional advocate for saving (also known as a large campaign contributor), and that's what you need to get Congress on board. Most tax forms refer to interest from savings as "unearned income." How's that for discouraging?"

    how would you feel about making all interest on federally insured deposits not subject to taxation at all as a means of stimulating savings?

    I think that there should be different levels of taxation on different types of capital gains -- pure "savings" and municipal bonds should be untaxed up to $250K per person, corporate bonds and cash dividends should be taxed at a relatively low rate, and capital gains accrued by the appreciation of assets should be taxed at a higher rate (and that would include the resale of bonds and CDs when their asset value exceeds the purchase price.)

  • 11

    @Paul: I think I like your goal, but I also require simplicity in taxes. It insults me that the IRS advocates that the average American hire a tax professional to help them do something that should take most of us only a few minutes every year.

  • 12

    Curmudgeon --
    The reason that people require tax professionals is because the tax code contains so many ways to avoid paying taxes, and maximizing that avoidance requires a professional.

    The problem isn't graduated taxes, or different tax rates for different kinds of incomes -- its your mortgage interest deduction, your education tax credit, everything else you can deduct from your taxable income, your 401k and Roth IRA, and the rest of the mess that voters eat up when politicians advocate them -- but about which no one stops and thinks that they're going to need an accountant to figure it out.

  • 13

    [...] Expect the personal savings rate to increase over time.  (Curious Capitalist) [...]

  • 14

    Can someone show the actual calculations for savings rate. I have sent the question to the govt agency who calculates the rate but never got a response.

    Its like a super secret calc and I have never seen it picked apart in the media.

    I know the savings rate considers paying down principal as savings. I assume 401k contributions are considered savings.

    Given those two assumptions, how can it be so freaking low!!! Esp. since the well to do must be saving a large amount of money.

    I have already asked more critical questions of the savings rate calculation than I have seen in the media over 5 years. However, there is probably a plumber somewhere who needs the attention of a 100 journalists.

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