Commentary on the economy, the markets, and business

Alan Greenspan, Keynesian

For several years now, a few smart people--Morgan Stanley's Stephen Roach is the first to spring to mind, but there were others--have been arguing that the Federal Reserve ought to do more to rein in the creation of asset price bubbles. Alan Greenspan, after making a tentative attempt at bubble management with his famous "irrational exuberance" speech in December 1996, decided that it was just too hard to differentiate a bubble from perfectly rational exuberance until after it had burst, so the Fed should stick to cleaning up messes. As he said in 2002:

If the bursting of an asset bubble creates economic dislocation, then preventing bubbles might seem an attractive goal. But whether incipient bubbles can be detected in real time and whether, once detected, they can be defused without inadvertently precipitating still greater adverse consequences for the economy remain in doubt.

Anyway, it's a familiar debate--and one that's going to continue. Ben Bernanke has even made some noises lately about maybe reconsidering the Greenspan stance.

What I didn't realize until yesterday, though, was how long the debate has been going on. John Maynard Keynes explicitly addressed all these arguments in 1936 in chapter 22 of his General Theory (I've read Chapter 12 about 10 times, but apparently never got to Chapter 22). He wrote at length about those who thought the Fed and other central banks should have nipped the late-1920s boom in the bud with tighter monetary policy, and concluded that they were all wet:

The right remedy for the trade cycle is not be found in abolishing booms and thus keeping us permanently in a semi-slump; but in abolishing slumps and thus keeping us permanently in a quasi-boom.

My column this week is probably going to be about how we're all Keynesians now. In terms of supporting economic stimulus from Washington in dire times like these, I guess that's true. But as far as bubble- management goes, the Keynesian view looks like it's going to come in for a lot of flak in the years to come.

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  • 1

    Justin, it's all well and good that we're all Keynesians now. It would have been better if we'd all (or at least more of us) had been Keynesians then -- might have avoided this whole mess in the first place.

  • 2

    What bdbd said?

    Speaking of being a Keynesian now...how would one modify the monetary response with respect to inflation targeting (or God forbid, deflation targeting)??

  • 3

    Justin, are you saying that Keynes doesn't differentiate between a "boom" and a "bubble"?

    To me, he's contrasting periods of sustainable economic growth with recessionary periods. A bubble, by definition, isn't sustainable.

    As to the whole "irrational exuberance" thing -- it wasn't "irrational" so much as based on a false premise that was accepted as Gospel truth, i.e. the "you can't lose money in the stock market over the long term" meme.

    The analyses that lead to that conclusion was true RIGHT UP TO THE MOMENT THAT IT WAS ACCEPTED AS TRUE. The minute people believed that it was true, it became false, because of the downward pressure on stocks from the sense that stocks represented "risk." Eliminate the perception of risk, and throwing money into the stock market suddenly becomes the most prudent investment strategy for the "average american".

    Once "average americans" got back into stocks in a huge way (either directly, or through their retirement plans), it was all over -- not only did it provide a steady flow of new capital into the stock market, it suddenly became absolutely essential for politicians to support policies that would restrain stock price inflation and ensure that the market never went anywhere but up.

    Its because people saw their IRAs and 401ks going down in value that this bailout is happening the way it is -- creating the ultimate moral hazard of "rescue" packages based not on sound fiscal policies, but on keeping voters happy.

  • 4

    @lp1: Keynes does not differentiate between a boom and bubble. His argument is that it's almost impossible to differentiate.

  • 5

    Justin - With regards to your last column (about the strength of the American worker) I couldn't help thinking about how much we depend on immigrants for this strength. Think of the number of immigrants who have formed startup companies. Then think about the number of Native American college graduates who have gone into finance as a career.

  • 6

    By Native American, I didn't necessarily mean American Indians but people born in America

  • 7

    @lp1: Keynes does not differentiate between a boom and bubble. His argument is that it's almost impossible to differentiate.

    really? while it may be difficult to pinpoint where a boom becomes a bubble, when asset values start going up at ridiculous rates, its obviously a bubble (I mean, I think Keynes would have looked at massive inflation in real estate prices and said "that's a bubble", don't you?)

  • 8

    THE George "W" BUSH FINANCIAL LEXICON

    For use at the World Financial Crisis Summit

    By WilliamBanzai7

    Absquatulate- To disappear or get out of Dodge City

    Alamos- The fall of Lehman

    Ace-high ~ Highest rating agency score.

    According to Hoyle ~ Regulatory requirements. Hoyle is the card playing dictionary.

    A hog-killin' time ~A market bubble

    Ambush- What "W" says to himself constantly "I am Bush"

    A lick and a promise ~Over the counter trade

    Bad medicine-Bad market news

    Big hat no cattle- Paul Volker and Alan Greenspan

    At sea ~ at a loss, not comprehending. "When it comes to finance, I am at sea."

    Bail out-Bail out

    Bandito- A sort seller

    Bang-up ~ first rate. Similar to "heck of a" "The SEC sure did a bang-up job."

    Bartenders- Rating agencies

    Bank heist- Robbed by your banker

    Bear sign ~ cowboy term for financial trouble.

    Beat the devil around the stump ~ to evade responsibility or a difficult task. "Quit beatin' the devil around the stump and bail that sucker out."

    Bend an elbow ~Forcing a bank to accept bailout money

    Bender ~ drunk. "Wall Street's off on another bender."

    Best bib and tucker ~ your best pinstripes.

    Big gun ~ A Central Banker "He's one of the Feds big buns."

    Bilk ~ Fraudulent behavior

    Bone orchard ~ Cratered deals.

    Boot Hill- The United States Bankruptcy Court Southern District New York

    Bunko artist ~ Quantitative engineer

    Bushwack- Selling repos or getting votes

    Buzzard food- Level 3 asset

    By hook or crook ~ to do any way possible.

    Calaboose ~ jail.

    Catawamptiously-Thoroughly, utterly. Catawamptiously insolvent!

    Cattle Baron-Wall street CEO

    Cattle Kate-Female investment banker

    Chucklehead-An AIG executive

    Chinaman- One who is loaded with capital

    Chisel, chiseler ~ to cheat or swindle, a cheater.

    Clean his/your plow ~ A good or bad trade

    Coffee boiler ~ Jr Analyst

    Copper a bet ~ Hedging or being prepared against loss. "I'm just coppering my position."

    Come a cropper ~ come to ruin, fail, or fall heavily. "He had big plans to get rich, but it all come a cropper, when the bank failed."

    Croaker ~ pessimist, doomsayer. "Nouriel Roubini is just an old croaker."

    Crowbait ~ derogatory term for a poor-quality asset class.

    Custer- Dick Fuld

    Difficulty ~ euphimism for trouble, often the shootin' or otherwise violent kind. "He had to leave Wall Street on account of a difficulty with the SEC."

    Deadbeat ~ Unemployed banker.

    Dinero ~ from the Spanish, a word for money.

    Don't care a continental ~ Don't give a damn about the EURO.

    Down on ~ opposed to. "He is really down on cheap leverage."

    Dragged out ~ fatigued, worn out.

    Dreadful ~ very. "Oh, these CDOs are dreadfully lucrative."

    Dry gulch ~ Short seller ambush.

    Dude ~ an Easterner, or anyone in up-scale town clothes, rather than plain range-riding or work clothes.

    Dude ranch- Bond conference

    Eucher, euchred ~ to out-smart someone, to be outwitted or suckered into something. "We sure euchered that pension manager"

    Fandango ~ from the Spanish, a big deal closing party with lots of dancing and excitement.

    F Troop- The United States Securities Exchange Commission

    Federales-Washington regulators

    Fetch ~ bring, give. "Fetch me my blackberry."

    Flannel mouth ~ an overly smooth or fancy talker, especially politicians or derivative salesmen. "I swear that banker is a flannel-mouthed liar."

    Flush ~ prosperous, rich.

    Fork over ~ pay out.

    Four-flusher ~ a cheat, swindler, liar.

    Fools gold- Synthetic CDO

    Friendlies- Gullible investors

    Full as a tick ~ Irrationally exuberant.

    Fuss ~ disturbance. "They had a little fuss at the FED."

    Get it in the neck ~ get cheated, misled, bamboozled. Goldman gave it to AIG in the neck.

    Get the mitten ~ to be rejected by a potential investor. "Looks like the Koreans gave poor Fuld the mitten."

    Ghost Rider- Bull market investor

    Go through the mill ~ gain trading experience. (Often the hard way.)

    Gold Country- The Gulf States

    The Good, the Bad and the Ugly- Goldman, Lehman, Bear Stearns

    Halleluja Trail- AMTRAK train to Washington DC

    Hired Gun- Wall Street lawyer

    Hole in the Wall Gang-Private equity fund managers

    Hoosegow ~ jail.

    Hot as a whorehouse on nickel night ~ volatile market

    Is that a bluff, or do you mean it for real play? ~ Are you serious?

    The Heckowy Tribe-AIG "Where the heck ah we?"

    Hostile Indians-Mumbai short sellers

    Jig is up ~ scheme/game is over, exposed. Loss of all market confidence

    The "Judge"- Alan Greenspan

    Let slide/ let drive/ let fly ~ go ahead, let go. "If you think you want trouble, then let fly."

    Light (or lighting) a shuck ~ to get the hell out of here in a hurry. "I'm lightin' a shuck for Bermuda."

    Loot- Cash bonuses

    Lynch Mob- Angry shareholders.

    Mudsill ~ low-life, thoroughly disreputable banker.

    Nailed to the counter ~ proven a lie. That road show presentation is nailed to the counter.

    Necktie social- Hanging someone with rumors

    Nucular weapons-CDSs

    OK Coral- NY Federal Reserve Bank

    Odd stick ~ eccentric person. "Judge Greenspan sure is an odd stick."

    Of the first water ~ first class. "It's a security of the first water."

    Outlaw- Errant banker

    Pardon my French- ____________

    Pass the buck ~ What Wall Street CEOs do.

    Pay through the nose ~ Settle of a credit default swap.

    Peter out ~ Cheap market rallies peter out.

    Pilgrim- Naive investor

    Pistolero- Hedge fund guru.

    Play to the gallery ~ to show off. "That's just how he is, always has to play to the gallery."

    Plunder ~ personal belongings. "Pack your plunder, Joe, we're headin' for Dubai."

    Posse- An underwriting sydicate

    Powerful ~ very. "He's a powerful rich man."

    Pull in your horns ~ back off a trading strategy.

    Quick silver- Toxic equity tranche of synthetic CDO

    Rake and scrape- Asset recovery in Chapter 11

    Road agent- Distressed debt investor

    Rodeo- A world market summit

    Rodeo Clown- W

    Round up- Looking for white knight investors

    Rich ~ amusing, funny, improbable. "Oh, that's a rich pitch!"

    Ride shank's mare ~ to be laid off.

    Riding shotgun-What Bernanke does for Paulson

    Rob the bank- Borrow from the Fed

    Roostered ~ drunk. "Looks like those Wall Street boys are all in there gettin' all roostered up."

    Russling- Making a market

    Russler- market maker

    Scatter Gun- The TARP legislation

    Seeing the elephant ~ Going to Wall Street or the City of London, where all the action is.

    Sell your saddle- Resign from office

    Scalping- Marking to market

    Scoop in ~ trick, entice, inveigle. "He got scooped into a credit swap and lost his shirt."

    Scuttlebutt ~ market rumors.

    Shave tail ~ a green, inexperienced hedge fund trader.

    Shoddy ~ poor quality paper.

    Shoot, Luke, or give up the gun ~ poop or get off the pot, do it or quit talking about it. Come on Hank, shoot luke or give up the gun!

    Shoot one's mouth off ~ talk nonsense, untruth. "Wilumstead was shootin' his mouth off and Paulson gave him a black eye."

    Shove the queer ~ to pass securitized assets (CDOs).

    Simon pure ~ the real thing, a genuine fact. "This market bust is Simon pure."

    Skedaddle ~ run like hell.

    Smoke the Pipe- Listen to a lecture on self regulation and free markets

    Snake oil salesman- Seasoned investment banker

    Stage Coach- Limo service

    Stampede-A market run

    Stand the gaff ~ take punishment in good spirit. "Wall Street bankers can't really stand the gaff."

    Stumped ~ confused. I'm stumped!

    Sun up-Market open

    Sun down-Market close

    Superintend ~ oversee, supervise. "He just likes to superintend everything."

    Take French leave ~ to desert, sneak off without permission.

    Take the rag off ~ surpass, beat all. "Well, good old Warren knows how to take the rag off the bush."

    The Old States ~ back East.

    The whole kit and caboodle ~ the entire company.

    The Unforgiven- Enron

    Throw up the sponge ~ File Chapter 11 petition

    Tombstone-An announcement

    The Undertaker- Harvey Miller- Undisputed dean of the bankruptcy bar, currently represents Lehman

    Up the spout ~ gone to waste/ruin. The bank's capital went up the spout.

    Wake up/Woke up the wrong passenger ~ to trouble or anger an activist investor.

    Wampum- Money

    The Wild Bunch-Hedge fund managers

    Wind up ~ settle. "Let's wind up this business and go home."

    Wild West- Wall Street

    Wyatt Erp- Andrew Cuomo

    Yammerin- Talking to investors and taxpayers

  • 9

    while we're on the subject, Krugman's introduction to a recent Palgrave edition of Keynes' General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money is a nice read:

    http://www.pkarchive.org/economy/GeneralTheoryKeynesIntro.html

  • 10

    THE THREE REGULATORY STOOGES
    (The Three Stooges, Floyds Garage)
    WilliamBanzai7

    Snow he is the leader, Greenspan is a bleeder
    Cox does a funny dance
    Howling with laughter, and that was right after
    McCain set fire to his pants

    Best thing that's on CNBC
    Wish we could watch them daily
    I just love The Three Regulatory Stooges
    Bumbling frustration
    They are an obsession
    Gotta love The Three Regulatory Stooges
    They are so damn funny
    Cox he is a dummy

    Stooges Rule!

    Finger to the eyeball, Then you watch them all fall
    From a very high ladder
    The one when they are playing with GNP numbers, they couldn't be dumber
    Slapping Snow gets madder

    Best thing that's on CNBC
    Wish we could watch them daily
    I just love The Three Regulatory Stooges
    Bumbling frustration
    They are an obsession
    I just love The Three Regulatory Stooges
    They are so damn funny
    Cox he is a dummy
    Stooges Rule!

    They call him the maejstro Greenspan,
    Got a wrench to the nose
    Cox he needs a shampoo, Snow is hitting him too
    Brain damaged from all his blows

    Best thing that's on CNBC
    Too bad we can't watch them daily
    I just love The Three Regulatory Stooges
    Bumbling frustration
    They are an obsession
    I just love The Three Regulatory Stooges
    They are so damn funny
    Cox he is a dummy

    Stooges Rule!

    Stooges Rule!

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