What if they stopped pricing oil in dollars and nobody cared?
Iran's Ahmadinejad and Venezuela's Chavez have made some headlines by declaring that they've had it with pricing oil in dollars. Making headlines is what these two men aim to do, so in that sense their declarations were a big success.
They also got the other members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries to agree to look into pricing oil with a basket of currencies. But I would bet that it isn't going to happen anytime soon. And even if it did, it just wouldn't matter all that much.
The dollar is simply the pricing unit for the oil business. Its strength or weakness has no significant impact on the real price of oil. The dollar's swings just make oil prices look more volatile than they really are. Replacing the dollar with another currency such as the euro wouldn't change this reality--as soon as the euro started falling, as one of these years it surely will again, OPEC members would complain (as they're doing now with the dollar) that the weakness of the currency was making them look bad. Replacing the dollar with a currency basket would smooth the volatility, but it would also mean that oil would henceforth be priced in a unit with which hardly anyone was familiar. As a result, all media coverage of oil prices would involve translating the current basket price into dollars or yen or euros or whatever. Which would be a change from current practice, but not the kind of thing that would dramatically change the world or affect the value of the dollar.
Now there are other things that oil exporters can do that would affect the value of the dollar. They can insist on being paid in euros or other currencies, which Iran already does. They can shift some of their central bank reserves out of dollars and into other currencies, which lots of countries around the world--not just oil exporters--are already beginning to do. And if their home currency is pegged to the dollar, they can think about breaking or at least adjusting that link, as Saudi Arabia and several of its neighbors are contemplating.
All these things are putting downward pressure on the dollar and may continue to do so for a while. They may even result in a big, scary shift in which the euro takes over from the dollar as the world's reserve currency. I wouldn't bet on that, though: My money's on the renminbi (or heck, maybe the rupee) in 20 or 30 years.
In the meantime, Ahmadinejad and Chavez can yap all they want about moving oil prices out of dollars. It just doesn't matter much.
Update: The WSJ has a front-page piece today about the Gulf states rethinking their dollar pegs. Also, in the comments, Benedict Tan makes the good point that we use price indexes for lots of other things, so why not oil? My main response is that, with a pricing unit already available for which there's decades of history, it's going to be hard to get people to shift off it to an unfamiliar index. OPEC could make the shift only to find that futures markets keep trading oil in dollars. Still, he's right that using a currency basket would be better. It might get markets to focus on the real price of oil and not be distracted by the "dance of the dollar." Irving Fisher would totally approve. Although That Anonymous Dude's mention of Himalayan yaks (also in the comments) raises the question of whether they might make a good pricing unit for oil.
As for commenter Matt, who thinks I'm an idjit: The status of the dollar as the world's reserve currency has all sorts of real effects, mainly in allowing the U.S. to get away with financial behavior that other countries cannot. (This does not work indefinitely, though, so it's a mixed blessing.) All I'm saying is that pricing oil in dollars has no such effects that I can see. And China's economy is growing faster than India's, but I also think it's at higher risk of a wrenching political/economic blowup that could derail growth for years. Plus, India is expected to pass China in population within 25 years. So while I would agree that it's a longshot, I don't think it's totally crazy to mention the rupee as a possible future reserve currency.
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This whole post seems to be written by someone somewhat unfamiliar with international finance as well as the the developing markets. I was pretty suspicious of this article until the end. When you said "heck, maybe the rupee", it was confirmed that you have a very weak grasp on this subject. The growth rates between China and India are very different and the human capital potential between those two countries varies significantly. China has a chance to become a major reserve currency in the future, but the rupee is has f-ing no chance.
The whole premise of this blog posting is really screwed up. You say "and nobody cared?" in the title, but then you say that all these changes are putting downward pressure on the US dollar. That's the whole point. The US dollar has extra value because of its use as the world's reserve currency and its the reserve currency in part because of its use by the oil producing countries. This allowed for it to maintain unsound financial practices longer than it would have and not that this is changing it means that the US won't be able to run a long-term deficit as it has without suffering significant inflation (cause by currency revaluations.)
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"Replacing the dollar with a currency basket would smooth the volatility, but it would also mean that oil would henceforth be priced in a unit with which hardly anyone was familiar."
Quoting this probably also says that the author himself is unfamiliar with the 'basket' concept. Usually when a measure is derived from several sources, you will end up with an index. E.g. inflation rate is the rate of change of (usually) the Consumer Price Index, which as the name says, an index.
Thus if such a design is implemented, measuring oil 'price' is just as simple as measuring inflation. Retailers and local authorities could easily multiply the current index/price by the base price and publish such a final price making it just as comprehensible as would before, if they ever find an index hard to comprehend.
Finally, what's wrong with smoothing volatility? In my opinion that could be a huge gain.
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"Finally, what's wrong with smoothing volatility? In my opinion that could be a huge gain."
Err the basket price would be smoothed, but translated to what you paid for the oil in (dollars, euros or himalayan yaks), it would still be volatile as you would need to either pay in a basket (necessating you converting some of your dollars to eurors at current fx rates) OR you would then have to get your basket price converted to dollars (using current FX rates)....reduction in volatility to nominal price, but no reduction in volatility to your pocket.
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Clearly this writer has no clue about economics this post is almost as bad as Denish D'Sousa writing about Soren Kierkegaard in his latest book.
I knew the state of journalism was bad but I didn't this it was this bad.
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"Err the basket price would be smoothed, but translated to what you paid for the oil in (dollars, euros or himalayan yaks), it would still be volatile as you would need to either pay in a basket (necessating you converting some of your dollars to eurors at current fx rates) OR you would then have to get your basket price converted to dollars (using current FX rates)....reduction in volatility to nominal price, but no reduction in volatility to your pocket."
You have it correct, but I suppose we can't tell either there will be a net reduction or increase in volatility. Without the basket, it's your currency against USD. With the basket, it's your currency against the basket of currencies. Diversification decreases volatility, so long as your correlation coefficient is not +1 (perfectly positive) against the basket.
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Correction: so long as your correlation coefficient with respect to the basket is lower than the correlation coefficient with respect to USD. Of course this will vary from country to country but I also suppose this idea of such a policy is to reduce such a correlation.
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jncc1701, I won't put up with people insulting (or misspelling) Dinesh D'Souza in these comments! He gave me one of the great quotes of my early journalistic career (about his protege and ex-girlfriend, Laura Ingraham). Now I've just got to go home and see if I can find it.
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Attacking Justin will do nothing to make the price of oil stabilize. Currency speculation is silly anyway. If you are rich, you are rich. If you are poor, you are poor. The more money you have, the better. The less money you have, the worse off you are. Focus on getting as much money as you can. Nothing in life matters.
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[...] but it's obviously something they've been thinking about. Just under two years ago there was a big flurry of discussion on the subject, including an OPEC vote to study switching to a currency [...]
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